Pruning Basics for Deciduous Trees

The major reason for pruning a deciduous tree is to create a well balanced and attractive framework of branches. As described in Pruning and Training Young Trees, the central stem should be straight and the branches properly spaced. Once a deciduous tree is well established, there is often little need for further pruning.

However, occasional work may be necessary to remove congested branches from the centre of the tree, as these will restrict the amount of light and air that reach the central branches. Cut back inward-growing shoots and any branches that have become too dominant and unsightly. This work should be carried out in autumn or early winter to prevent sap from bleeding from the cuts.

You may also need to undertake some judicial pruning if the tree develops two or more competing leaders. The narrow angle between these two branches can act as a focus for structural forces and may cause the tree to split open during high winds. Prune away the weaker, competing shoot by making a clean cut at its base. Make sure that you do not damage the remaining leader.